Metaphor of Vertical Motion in Khakas and Altai (in Contrast with Kazakh)

Abstract

In the following article, we analyze the development vectors of figurative meanings in verbs denoting upward/downward motion in the Khakas and Altai languages, in contrast with Kazakh. Formation of secondary figurative meanings in Khakas and Altai verbs of directional motion has not been studied before. In the article, we distinguish several groups of metaphorization models of upward/downward motion and ways of their expression in these languages (figurative meanings and common word combinations). These metaphorization models are mostly the same in both languages; they are also typical for other, genetically unrelated languages such as Russian. At the same time, we observe a number of traits unique for various Turkic languages, namely the usage of specific verbs, their compatibility with other words, and the existence of metaphors typical for specific languages.