Modern trends in the science of language: vectors of scientific research

Abstract

The problems for the formation of new tendencies in the development of linguistic
thought of the 21st century are considered. This is due to ideas of the so-called «analytical philosophy»
that builds the methodology of the science of language as an alternative to the Cartesian cogito on the
principles of natural-mathematical cognition. The original embodiment of the concept «linguistic turn»,
first appeared in the phenomenology of E. Husserl and developed in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology,
is being developed. Approaches are being made to substantiate the principle of methodological pluralism;
the problem of interdisciplinary formation of new linguistic directions is considered: linguistics and
cognitive synergetics, linguistics and pragmatics, linguistic discourse as well. In the light of the paradigm of
linguistic postmodernism, an attempt is made to find ways of a new vision of linguistic reality. The results
of the research are related to the distinction between the concepts «text» and «discourse», «meaning» and
«significance.»