Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PHILOLOGY Series

Lexical Innovations Introduced Through the Cultural Lexeme ‘Zhady’ in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmet

M.E. Azhibekova, G. Sagidolda, G.A. Abdimaulen — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the linguistic unit “zhady” in Hikmets by Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. The concept of cultural lexicon is defined, and the frequency of usage of this unit in Yasawi’s Hikmets, which explains the sources of our spiritual values and conveys religious understanding in a way appealing to the people's worldview, is examined. It is concluded that each cognitive linguistic unit requires individual analysis. The research was conducted within lexical-semantic and cognitive frameworks. Based on the transcribed version of the Samarkand (Zaleman) manuscript presented in R. Sydyk’s monograph “The Language of Yasawi’s Hikmets,” the study analyzes the cultural lexeme “zhady” and demonstrates its function as a “linguistic unit of memory retention.” It examines the various uses of the linguistic unit “zhady” in Yasawi’s language. The terms “cultural code,” “national code,” “cultural lexicon,” “lexical innovations,” and “cultural lexicon” are explained. Drawing on the works of both domestic and foreign Yasawi scholars, the study demonstrates that it identifies the mechanisms for expanding the lexical inventory within cognitive linguistics. The study explains the phonetic differences between the translation and the manuscript using a historical-comparative method. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in theoretical courses on lexicology and cognitive linguistics, as well as in seminars related to Yasawi studies.

Cognitive and symbolic meaning of the «black» color in a literary text

A.D. Bezaubekova, S.G. Kanapina, K.K. Esirkepova — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the ways of transmitting the "black" color in a symbolic sense in the work of the writer T. Akhtanov, "The Light of the hearth" and the skill of its use. Through the use of the word by the writer in symbolic expression, the worldview, culture, and artistic world of the author are known in increasing the figurativeness of the work. The linguistic personality of the characters is considered as a result of their cognitive activity, their linguistic and cognitive level. At the same time, the work establishes that the word blackness, by virtue of the phrase, means sadness, death, evil, vice, and then the word blackness indicates holiness, sacredness, and simplicity. Having comprehensively examined the ethnolinguistic character of the "black" color, it turns out that this is one of the most frequently used names in the Kazakh language, rich in meaning, with a wide range of applications. In the author's work, a large number of black names were noticed, used in the meaning of "sacred", "holy".

Linguopragmatic features of the Discourse Markers

A.M. Dossanova, A.M. Maral, R.N. Sharshova — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the linguopragmatic features of discourse markers based on the material of modern Kazakh-language podcasts. The relevance of the research is due to the rapid development of podcasts in Kazakh language, which reflect new trends in modern oral speech. The paper reveals the functions of discourse markers, including their role in the organization of speech, the formation of interaction between speaker and listener, as well as in the transmission of modality and emotional coloring of utterance. The research used methods of contextual and structural analysis, continuous sampling and observation. Transcribed audio recordings of podcasts were used as the main material. Discourse markers are classified as regulatory and organizing, and their pragmatic functions in media discourse are considered comprehensively. The results of the study show that discourse markers play an important role in ensuring the coherence of the text and effective communication in oral speech. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the data obtained to develop communication skills, improve linguopragmatic competence and analyze media texts. This study reveals the features of the functioning and classification of discourse markers in Kazakh language and can serve as a basis for further applied and theoretical research.

Communicative-pragmatic features of Kazakh humor: reflection on national values

K.U. Yessenova, А.К. Abdikarimova — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the role of humour in Kazakh social life, demonstrating how it facilitates the preservation and transmission of cultural knowledge. The main purpose of the study is to show that humor is not only entertainment but also a form of social interaction through which values, norms, and shared knowledge are passed from one generation to another. To address this question, the study relies on a set of different approaches. The material is read closely to see how certain stylistic features appear, the meanings hidden between the lines are examined, and the social purpose of each humorous example is considered. In addition, the Kazakh material is compared with humor from other cultures.

The analysis draws on a mixed set of materials. For this research, examples were collected from older oral humor as well as from online platforms where modern users post short, humorous remarks. Examining them side by side makes it clear that older humorous patterns still surface in online communication. These features allow speakers to comment on social issues in a subtle and culturally acceptable way. The novelty of the research lies in combining traditional and digital humor within one communicative-pragmatic framework, demonstrating how cultural codes remain stable even as modes of communication change.

Bifurcation as a self-regulating phenomenon of the language system

K.B. Tuilebayeva, Zh. Zhakupov — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper explores one of the fundamental principles of synergetics — the concept of bifurcation, its essence, and functional role. The main objective of the study is to reveal the nature of bifurcation as a key factor in the formation of synergetic phenomena. The tasks of the research are planned to be achieved by identifying the general essence of the bifurcation phenomenon in synergetics, describing its manifestation in linguistics, and analyzing its function through linguistic evidence. Although the synergetic paradigm (including linguistic synergetics) has become a global trend in various areas of general education, the conceptual foundations of synergetic phenomena have not yet been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this article represents one of the first attempts to define and interpret the term "bifurcation" in linguistics, including its application to the Kazakh language through specific examples and linguistic data.

Theoretical findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature of language systems, including the Kazakh language. The practical relevance of the study lies in enhancing communication between speakers and improving their linguistic competence. The results may be useful for philology students during lectures, seminars, and practical sessions.

Nonverbal techniques in social network language

Z.R. Kurmanbekova, L.T. Makulova, M.K. Sarsembayeva — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper highlights emoticons, which are an important aspect of social networking communication. The definition of emoticons was offered in this paper, which was based on scientific research. Emoticons help to uncover and comprehend the goal of the netizen conversation. Nowadays, the fast penetration of social networks into our daily lives has expanded the quantity of nonverbal techniques in internet communication language and modified them graphically and by content. The advent of emoticons, visual and creole as a way of marking, emoticons and stickers, demotivators, internet memes, and characters such as comics reflect the internet's transition to nonverbal communication.

The paper's scientific novelty is the first consideration of nonverbal information as the primary technique of transferring moods and emotions in the process of internet communication in Kazakh language. For the first time, features such as emoticons (emojis), demotivators and advisors are incorporated into Kazakh language resources.

The Political significance of language tolerance: multilingualism policy in Kazakhstan

A. Onggar, A. Khalel — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the relationship between the concepts of language policy and tolerance and their impact on the development of society. The authors describe language policy as a means of managing language relations, revealing its historical, political and social significance. In addition, the essence of tolerance, its importance for intercultural dialogue and social harmony are analyzed in detail. The features of the ongoing language policy in the context of a multinational and multilingual society in Kazakhstan, emphasizing the official status of the Kazakh language and the significance of the trilingualism policy. Through laws and programs adopted at the state level, measures are characterized aimed at the formation of tolerance for linguistic diversity, strengthening peace and harmony between ethnic groups. The article considers a tolerant attitude to language as one of the democratic values, highlighting the role of this policy in the sustainable development of our country and strengthening national unity. The study employs comparative and content analysis methods to examine the current state of language policy in Kazakhstan, highlighting how the balanced development of language and tolerance serves as a foundation for societal stability.

The problem of overcoming Kazakh non-equivalence in literary translation: a review of research and approaches

Zh.M. Burkitbayeva — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyses the work of local researchers studying the issue of Kazakh non-equivalence. It examines the ways of overcoming non-equivalence in the literary translation of works of Kazakh authors into Russian and English. A review of the key works published in international and local scientific journals over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024 inclusive, is provided. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to preserve the cultural and aesthetic features of the original text when adapting it for a reader in another linguocultural environment. The article focuses on the need for a careful approach to the transfer of non-equivalent vocabulary in the process of literary translation. Based on the full-text analysis and synthesis of the results, it can be concluded that various methods, such as transcription, transliteration, calque, descriptive translation, explanatory footnotes, approximate translation, replacement, and omission, can be used to convey Kazakh non-equivalent vocabulary in literary translation into Russian and English. In the future, we suggest conducting research on how the target audience perceives the translation.

Ideological and artistic features of the novel "The End of the Legend" by A. Kekilbaev

A.D. Kabilov, N.S. Kamarova — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines ideological and artistic features of Kekilbaev’s The End of the Legend. This work, which attracted attention with its innovation, revealed the hero's soul with great artistry, deeply immersing itself in his inner world. Using the example of the writer's work, the characteristics of the ‘intertwined style’ are considered, in which the author's narration and words, thoughts, and inner state of the hero's soul are intertwined in the writer's works, which was a novelty in our literature at the time. Influence of the existentialism movement, emphasizing various mysteries of humanity in the 20th-century philosophy, can be observed on ideological concept of the novel. The need to understand the unique essence of human life, to trace the inner world of a person by depicting his spiritual and emotional nature from a psychological point of view attracted the attention of readers. In modernist literature his world of feelings, the peculiarities of perception of events happening around him, the depiction of thoughts, impressions, and the state of the soul through the ‘stream of consciousness’ manifests itself in the poetic style of the writer. Ideological and artistic features of the novel are analyzed from the aspect of individual stylistic features of the author.

Work environment factors contributing to burnout for university teachers in Kazakhstan

A.S. Nabidullin, A.A. Zadakhanova, D.B. Ismailova — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study explores work environment factors contributing to burnout among university teachers in Kazakhstan. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 113 faculty members across pedagogical universities to examine perceptions of workload, time management, work-balance, and institutional support. The results reveal that excessive workload and administrative responsibilities are major contributors to emotional exhaustion and disengagement from teaching duties. More than half of the respondents reported feeling overwhelmed, while a smaller proportion demonstrated resilience and effective coping strategies. Positive aspects emerged through collegial relationships and recognition, which were found to mitigate burnout and enhance motivation. However, perceptions of administrative responsiveness to faculty concerns regarding stress and well-being were divided, reflecting inconsistencies in institutional practices. The study concludes that burnout is a systemic issue influenced by organizational structures, support mechanisms, and recognition systems rather than solely individual factors. These findings underscore the significance of promoting balanced workloads, strengthening administrative engagement, and fostering a supportive academic culture to sustain teacher wellbeing and productivity within Kazakhstan’s higher education institutions.