Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PHILOLOGY Series

Lexical Innovations Introduced Through the Cultural Lexeme ‘Zhady’ in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmet

M.E. Azhibekova — 2025-12-29

This study aims to analyze the linguistic unit “zhady” in Hikmets by Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. The concept of cultural lexicon is defined, and the frequency of usage of this unit in Yasawi’s Hikmets, which explains the sources of our spiritual values and conveys religious understanding in a way appealing to the people's worldview, is examined. It is concluded that each cognitive linguistic unit requires individual analysis. The research was conducted within lexical-semantic and cognitive frameworks. Based on the transcribed version of the Samarkand (Zaleman) manuscript presented in R. Sydyk’s monograph “The Language of Yasawi’s Hikmets,” the study analyzes the cultural lexeme “zhady” and demonstrates its function as a “linguistic unit of memory retention.” It examines the various uses of the linguistic unit “zhady” in Yasawi’s language. The terms “cultural code,” “national code,” “cultural lexicon,” “lexical innovations,” and “cultural lexicon” are explained. Drawing on the works of both domestic and foreign Yasawi scholars, the study demonstrates that it identifies the mechanisms for expanding the lexical inventory within cognitive linguistics. The study explains the phonetic differences between the translation and the manuscript using a historical-comparative method. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in theoretical courses on lexicology and cognitive linguistics, as well as in seminars related to Yasawi studies.

Work environment factors contributing to burnout for university teachers in Kazakhstan

A.S. Nabidullin — 2025-12-29

The study explores work environment factors contributing to burnout among university teachers in Kazakhstan. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 113 faculty members across pedagogical universities to examine perceptions of workload, time management, work-balance, and institutional support. The results reveal that excessive workload and administrative responsibilities are major contributors to emotional exhaustion and disengagement from teaching duties. More than half of the respondents reported feeling overwhelmed, while a smaller proportion demonstrated resilience and effective coping strategies. Positive aspects emerged through collegial relationships and recognition, which were found to mitigate burnout and enhance motivation. However, perceptions of administrative responsiveness to faculty concerns regarding stress and well-being were divided, reflecting inconsistencies in institutional practices. The study concludes that burnout is a systemic issue influenced by organizational structures, support mechanisms, and recognition systems rather than solely individual factors. These findings underscore the significance of promoting balanced workloads, strengthening administrative engagement, and fostering a supportive academic culture to sustain teacher wellbeing and productivity within Kazakhstan’s higher education institutions.

The problem of overcoming Kazakh non-equivalence in literary translation: a review of research and approaches

Zh.M. Burkitbayeva — 2025-12-29

This article analyses the work of local researchers studying the issue of Kazakh non-equivalence. It examines the ways of overcoming non-equivalence in the literary translation of works of Kazakh authors into Russian and English. A review of the key works published in international and local scientific journals over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024 inclusive, is provided. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to preserve the cultural and aesthetic features of the original text when adapting it for a reader in another linguocultural environment. The article focuses on the need for a careful approach to the transfer of non-equivalent vocabulary in the process of literary translation. Based on the full-text analysis and synthesis of the results, it can be concluded that various methods, such as transcription, transliteration, calque, descriptive translation, explanatory footnotes, approximate translation, replacement, and omission, can be used to convey Kazakh non-equivalent vocabulary in literary translation into Russian and English. In the future, we suggest conducting research on how the target audience perceives the translation.

Ideological and artistic features of the novel "The End of the Legend" by A. Kekilbaev

A.D. Kabilov — 2025-12-29

The article examines ideological and artistic features of Kekilbaev’s The End of the Legend. This work, which attracted attention with its innovation, revealed the hero's soul with great artistry, deeply immersing itself in his inner world. Using the example of the writer's work, the characteristics of the ‘intertwined style’ are considered, in which the author's narration and words, thoughts, and inner state of the hero's soul are intertwined in the writer's works, which was a novelty in our literature at the time. Influence of the existentialism movement, emphasizing various mysteries of humanity in the 20th-century philosophy, can be observed on ideological concept of the novel. The need to understand the unique essence of human life, to trace the inner world of a person by depicting his spiritual and emotional nature from a psychological point of view attracted the attention of readers. In modernist literature his world of feelings, the peculiarities of perception of events happening around him, the depiction of thoughts, impressions, and the state of the soul through the ‘stream of consciousness’ manifests itself in the poetic style of the writer. Ideological and artistic features of the novel are analyzed from the aspect of individual stylistic features of the author.