Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PHILOLOGY Series

THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS RENAMING IN BUILDING NATIONAL IDENTITY (TRANSLATION ASPECT)

D.M. Akizhanova — 2026-09-29

The study examines the role of toponymic (re)naming and translation standardization (harmonization) as a key mechanism in the construction of national identity, with a particular focus on Kazakhstan in a comparative international context. Drawing on approaches from onomastics, translation studies, and political geography, the research analyzes the structural and semantic features of proper names, as well as sociopolitical factors influencing naming and renaming practices. Special attention is paid to translation strategies, including transcription, transliteration, calquing, and hybrid forms, and to the inconsistencies arising from their coexistence. The methodology is based on qualitative analysis combining descriptive, structural, and comparative approaches. The findings demonstrate that the lack of standardization leads to variation in spelling, loss of semantic transparency, and reduced communicative efficiency of toponyms. At the same time, toponymic transformation is shown to be a structured process shaped by political change, cultural policy, and identity negotiation. The study argues for the adoption of Kazakh-oriented transliteration models that preserve both phonological and semantic integrity of proper names. On the examples of Қарағанды and Өскемен, it is proposed that forms such as Qaragandy and Oskemen more accurately reflect the internal logic of the Kazakh language. Thus, conscious renaming policies are essential for maintaining linguistic coherence and strengthening national identity in global communication.

VARIABILITY OF THE TRANSLATION OF KAZAKH TOPONYMS INTO ENGLISH IN INTERNATIONAL DISCOURSE: PROBLEMS OF UNIFICATION AND TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

Zh.K. Alshinbayeva — 2026-09-29

With digitalization and the expansion of international communication, the problem of translating Kazakh toponyms into English is becoming particularly relevant. Geographical names are not only means of spatial identification, but also important carriers of historical memory, cultural information and national identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of the transmission of Kazakh geographical names in English-language international discourse, as well as to identify factors influencing the unification processes and the choice of translation strategies. The research material includes English-language texts of international mass media, documents of international organizations, digital cartographic platforms, tourist resources, and online encyclopedias. The results of the study showed that the variability of the transmission of Kazakh toponyms is due to historical, political, phonetic and digital factors, as well as the lack of a single international standard for the romanization of geographical names. It is established that international media and digital platforms have a significant impact on the formation of English-language versions of Kazakh toponyms and the processes of their dissemination in the global information space.

REFLECTION OF DECOLONIAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN M. MAGAUIN’S NOVEL “THE KYPCHAK BEAUTY”

Y.S. Adayeva — 2026-09-29

The article offers an in-depth analysis of M. Magauin’s novel The Kypchak Beauty from postcolonial and decolonial perspectives. It examines how the novel addresses colonial heritage, national identity, historical memory, cultural resistance, and ambivalent consciousness. Through textual analysis, the study reveals how the work challenges colonial stereotypes, power relations, and cultural oppression. Particular attention is given to epistemic hierarchies and the position of Kypchak-era badizder (sculptural art) within the colonial system of values. The protagonist’s liberation from the colonial matrix of power is interpreted as a chronotopic transition, while alternative epistemology enables the construction of critical national knowledge at both thematic and artistic levels. The characters’ psychological portraits, colonial consciousness, and resistance strategies are examined through Frantz Fanon’s theory of the psychopathology of colonised peoples, Walter Mignolo’s concept of the colonial matrix of power, and Ann Dobie’s postcolonial framework. The study identifies an inferiority complex among the characters and explores its possible transformation through historical archetypes. The findings demonstrate that the novel’s characters function as narrative instruments in the struggle for freedom and human dignity. The study also highlights literature’s transformative role in reshaping narratives of trauma, resistance, and solidarity in the postcolonial era.

POSTCOLONIAL ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN A. NURPEISOV'S NOVEL «FINAL RESPECTS»

R. Bolat — 2026-09-29

This article examines postcolonial ecological consciousness in Abdijamil Nurpeisov’s novel Final Respects (Songy Paryz), an early Kazakh literary response to the Aral Sea environmental crisis and Soviet development policy. Drawing on ecological imperialism and postcolonial ecocriticism, the study applies textual and hermeneutic analysis to the novel’s representation of human–nature relations, environmental transformation, and colonial legacies. It argues that ecological imperialism shaped Soviet governance in the Aral Sea region, where an anthropocentric approach subordinated nature to economic and political objectives. Nurpeisov portrays humans, animals, and the natural environment as interconnected parts of a shared ecological world. The exploitation of natural resources therefore produces not only environmental destruction but also social, cultural, and spiritual crises within local communities. By combining postcolonial and ecological perspectives, the article demonstrates how the novel critiques Soviet modernization, exposes the broader consequences of colonial environmental governance, and contributes to the development of ecological consciousness in Kazakh literature.

THE IMAGE OF KHAN'S DAUGHTERS IN KAZAKH FANTASY FAIRY TALES

R.R. Zhumagalieva — 2026-09-29

The article provides a scholarly analysis of the artistic foundations underlying the images of khan’s daughters in Kazakh fantasy fairy tales, which constitute a significant part of Kazakh prose folklore. Particular attention is paid to the typology and poetics of princesses’(khanshalar) portrayals, which are shaped in accordance with the genre features of the fairy tale. The study systematizes the main artistic features characteristic of the images of khan’s daughters in fantasy fairy tales. Their exceptional beauty, remarkable intelligence, erudition, diligence and well-considered decisions made for the welfare of their people are demonstrated through concrete examples. Although they are often secondary rather than main characters, the actions of these princesses (khanshalar) are shown to enrich the ideological and aesthetic dimensions of the tales. The purpose of the study is to reveal the artistic identity of khan’s daughters in fantasy fairy tales, to determine their connections and distinctions from other characters, to demonstrate the measure of popular imagination and cognition involved in their creation, and to encourage people to take as an example the good qualities of princesses (khanshalar).

AUTHOR'S GENDER POSITION AND NARRATION IN THE CREATION OF A FEMALE IMAGE

M. Zeinollakizi — 2026-09-29

This article presents a comparative analysis of authorial gender and narrative strategies in the literary representation of female figures in G. Musrepov’s Mother of Mothers, Ch. Aitmatov’s Jamilia, V. Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway, and T. Morrison’s Beloved. The study aims to identify artistic techniques used to construct female subjectivity, inner world, social role, and symbolic function. It employs comparative-typological analysis, close reading, and elements of gender and narratological analysis. The analysis focuses on motherhood, sacrifice, freedom, resistance, historical memory, social constraints, inner voice, and agency. The findings indicate that social, moral, and active dimensions of female characters are more pronounced in the works of the selected male authors, while female authors more extensively integrate consciousness, memory, and psychological experience into narrative structure. These differences are considered in relation to genre, historical context, cultural environment, and individual authorial poetics rather than attributed solely to gender. Reception is understood as a potential interpretive possibility generated by the text rather than an empirical reader response. The study’s novelty lies in treating authorial gender as one analytical dimension of comparative literary analysis rather than an isolated causal factor.

HISTORICAL TRUTH AND ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION IN THE WORKS BY BUKHAR ZHYRAU

M.A. Kaiimov — 2026-09-29

This article examines the relationship between historical reality and artistic interpretation in the works of Bukhar Zhyrau Kalkamanuly. His literary heritage reflects the historical context of the eighteenth century, the socio-political life of the Kazakh people, and the ideas of national unity and territorial integrity. His tolgau portray the events of the Ablai Khan era, the struggle against external enemies, issues of governance, and the fate of the nation. The study aims to identify historical events and figures represented in his works, analyze their artistic portrayal, and examine the relationship between historical reality and artistic interpretation. Methods employed were historical-literary and textual analysis, comparison, description, generalization, and systematization. The findings show that Bukhar Zhyrau did not merely recount historical events but reinterpreted them through artistic imagery, the zhyrau worldview, and philosophical reflection. The image of Ablai Khan, the struggle against the Dzungar invasion, and the ideas of national unity and territorial integrity are closely connected with the historical realities of the era. The study concludes that the interplay between historical reality and artistic interpretation is a key feature of the historical and literary significance of Bukhar Zhyrau’s legacy.

MOUNTAIN IN SACRED SPACE: MYTH AND POETRY ANALYSIS

M.N. Mirazova — 2026-09-29

This article examines the sacred mountain model within mythological consciousness. In mythology, the mountain primarily signifies the "navel of the earth" and establishes a vertical spatial model that unites the underworld, the earthly realm, and the celestial sphere. The mountain's role as a vertical axis ensuring harmony among these three worlds is interpreted not only within the context of the sacred but also as a universal element of cosmogonic mythology, functionally comparable to the World Tree that marks the center of the cosmos. The study analyzes the mountain model—conceptualized as the "navel of the earth" and a sacred space connecting the three levels of existence—as it has become embedded in artistic consciousness. By comparing mythological traditions and folklore from Chinese, Indian, Tibetan, and Caucasian peoples, the article identifies the shared functions of this model.

The research also examines the mountain model and its associated cult within the folklore of Turkic-Mongolic and Altaic peoples. Through an analysis of sacred figures such as Ulgen, Erlik, Uch-Kurbustan, and Burkhan, the significance of the Altai region in cosmogonic myths is revealed. Altai is conceptualized as the source of several ancient civilizations and a primordial homeland where diverse systems of worldview developed in parallel. This sacred space served as a meeting point for archaic beliefs and religious concepts that emerged later. In this context, the study investigates the significance and interrelationships of sacred Altai sites—such as Belukha (Muztau), Uch-Syure, and the Gates of Shambhala—within Buddhist and shamanic worldviews. Furthermore, the sacred mountains of Burkhan-Khaldun, Kazygurt, Ararat, Sinai, and Parnassus are analyzed from a comparative-typological perspective.

INTERPRETATION OF MAGICAL MOTIVES IN IMAGINATIVE PROSE

S.S. Sagidulliyeva — 2026-09-29

The article examines the philosophy of occultism and the representation of magical motifs in fiction. The purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship between occultism and magic and to identify the forms and functions of magical elements in literary works. Occultism is interpreted as theoretical knowledge of mystical powers, while magic is regarded as its practical manifestation. The study analyses magical motifs in Kazakh literature from the perspective of national worldviews, mythological beliefs, and cultural traditions. Drawing on the works of Kazakhstani and international scholars, it considers magical prayers, ritual practices, and related instruments. It pays particular attention to the representation of clairvoyance, witchcraft, communication with spirits, supernatural abilities, and authorial imagination in contemporary prose. The relationship between magic, religion, and science is also explored. The findings indicate that, unlike science, which relies on reason, evidence, and observation, magic functions within a mystical framework and is associated with secret knowledge transmitted through cultural traditions or granted to selected individuals. The study contributes to understanding the literary functions and cultural foundations of magic. Its conclusions may be applied in folklore studies, literary theory courses, and the teaching of contemporary methods of literary criticism.

REPRESENTATION OF ARCHETYPES OF TURKIC MYTHOLOGY IN ANIMATED MEDIA

Zh.K. Tuimebayev — 2026-09-29

This article examines archetypes in Turkic mythology and their representation in contemporary animated media. The aim of the study is to identify the ways in which traditional mythological images and archetypes of Turkic peoples are represented in modern animated productions and to analyze their cultural and cognitive functions. The research focuses on the Kazakh animated films “Why Does the Swallow Have a Forked Tail?”, “Er Tostik and the Dragon”, “Kultegin”, and “Muzbalak”, as well as the Kyrgyz animated project “Manas” and the Turkish animated series “Dede Korkut Hikayeleri”. The findings demonstrate that contemporary animation serves as an effective medium for revitalizing the mythological heritage of Turkic peoples in a new format, preserving the national cultural code, strengthening historical consciousness, and promoting traditional worldviews among younger generations. The study reveals the significant role of traditional archetypal characters in maintaining ethnocultural identity and revitalizing shared spiritual values within the modern media landscape.

THE ROLE OF THE EXPRESSIVE-PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF PAREMIA IN YOUTH EDUCATION

N.K. Turgumbayeva — 2026-09-29

The article considers the expressive power of paremias, emphasizing the importance of their use in teaching and education. Proverbs and sayings, acting as a cultural code and national value, are an important expressive tool that should be used linguistically in the era of globalization and changing social contexts. The concept of clip thinking, which has become widespread today, increases the pragmatics of small-genre proverbs and sayings. As part of the research, a survey was conducted among young people to determine how paremias in the form of proverbs and sayings are perceived in a modern context and to what extent. The survey results show that in the linguistic consciousness of young people, these small genres of folk oral literature are recognized as means of education and exchange of life experience, also placing a special emphasis on paremias acting as spiritual guidance in life and being helpful in bringing the message in an effective and clear way. The results of the presented article will be useful for further research in communicative linguistics, emotology, ethnolinguistics and other anthropological areas of linguistics.

THE FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC POTENTIAL OF TERM ELEMENTS

K.Zh. Aidarbek — 2026-09-29

The article examines the functional and semantic potential of term elements in the formation and systematic organization of scientific terminology. In modern linguistics, terminology is viewed as a specialized language subsystem that ensures precision, consistency, and clarity in scientific communication. The study aims to identify the semantic and word-formation features of term elements and determine their role in the structure of terminological units. The research draws on descriptive, semantic, and structural word-formation methods to examine the principal theoretical approaches to term elements and their functions in terminology formation. Particular attention is paid to their ability to create systematic relations between terms and enhance the semantic transparency of scientific concepts. The findings demonstrate that term elements possess considerable functional and semantic potential, contribute to the organization and regulation of terminological vocabulary, and support the accurate representation of specialized knowledge. The results clarify the role of term elements in the development of terminological systems and deepen the understanding of terminology formation mechanisms. They may also be applied in further research on terminology, lexicology, and scientific language, as well as in developing terminological dictionaries and linguistics courses.

LOANWORDS IN THE CONTEMPORARY KAZAKH LANGUAGE: FUNCTIONAL NECESSITY AND ISSUES OF LINGUISTIC ECOLOGY

A. Aldash — 2026-09-29

Incorporation of loanwords is a complex phenomenon in the diachronic and synchronic development of the Kazakh literary language. Lexical borrowing is closely associated with geopolitical, economic, cultural, educational, and professional relations. In contemporary Kazakhstan, Russian and English scientific and technical terminology is required to denote new concepts and facilitate professional communication. Globalisation, multilingualism, digital technologies, Internet communication, and modern information technologies have also accelerated the spread of Russian and English lexical units in social communication, including everyday Kazakh speech. It examines loanwords from linguistic ecology perspective, focusing on language preservation and lexical integrity. The empirical material was collected from periodicals, literary texts, advertisements, Internet communication, and user-generated social media content. Borrowed units were analysed according to functional, semantic, and linguo-ecological criteria and classified into terms, culture-specific lexical units, foreign insertions, formal lexical alternatives, and destructive lexical units. Modelling was used to systematise their functional necessity, excessive use, lexical impoverishment, and areas requiring linguo-ecological monitoring. The findings indicate that some loanwords fulfil specific nominative and communicative needs, whereas excessive use of others may weaken Kazakh equivalents and contribute to language mixing. The study contributes to the theoretical development of Kazakh linguistic ecology as an emerging field of Kazakh linguistics.

ASSOCIATIVE FIELD OF LEXEME “ADYRASPAN” IN THE WORLDVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY KAZAKH YOUTH

M.K. Akhmetova — 2026-09-29

The word “adyraspan” is a lexeme that holds a special place in Kazakh traditions and beliefs. It is not only understood as a plant but also carries symbolic, ritual, and healing meanings. The aim of this study is to identify the associations connected with the concept of “adyraspan” in the linguistic consciousness of contemporary Kazakh youth, and to describe its semantic, cultural, and cognitive dimensions. The object of the research is the reactions of Kazakh youth aged 17-25 to the word “adyraspan” (634 responses). The representations, images, and associations related to this word among young people were compared, highlighting the specific features of their linguistic consciousness and ethnocultural perception. Through the peculiarities of imagination, evaluation, and usage of this plant, the worldview, traditions, and linguistic awareness of the youth become apparent. The concept of “adyraspan” is examined through ethnocultural codes, magical-medical notions, and linguistic associations. The relevance of the article is recognized through the identification of the representation of adyrapsan (Peganum harmala), which has held a significant place in the everyday life and traditional beliefs of the Kazakh people, in the linguistic consciousness of modern youth. In ethnolinguistics and ethnopsycholinguistics, the peculiarities of world perception are revealed through linguistic means of representation and cultural cognitive models. The findings of the study contribute to understanding how traditional lexemes are perceived in modern contexts and their role within the cultural code in Kazakh ethnolinguistics and psycholinguistics.

METAPHORS WITH THE MEANING OF “JOY” IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (BASED ON BRITISH NATIONAL CORPUS AND NATIONAL CORPUS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)

P.Zh. Balkhimbekova — 2026-09-29

This article examines the metaphors containing joy/happiness component in English and Russian, their characteristics, as well as examples taken from language corpora demonstrating their use. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of metaphors with joy/happiness component on the basis of two language corpora – the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Russian Language. We chose the metaphorical conceptualization of joy as the object of our study. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of joy/happiness metaphors in English and Russian, as well as on the typology of those metaphors suggested in contemporary works; most of them correspond to conceptual metaphors. Our main hypothesis is that the linguistic conceptualization of the given emotion in English and Russian languages correspondingly shows a high degree of anthropomorphism, high frequency, and creative potential. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the analysis of metaphorical nuances in such emotive concept as "joy", via corpus-based research. In the course of the study, we have identified the most frequently used metaphorical combinations in English and Russian; we also emphasize that conceptual metaphors can be realized in languages with the help of more or less fixed expressions.

DWELLING-RELATED VOCABULARY IN THE KAZAKH AND ALTAI LANGUAGES: A COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

K.T. Bibekov — 2026-09-29

The article examines household vocabulary related to the names of dwellings in the Kazakh and Altai languages from a comparative linguistic perspective. The aim of the study is to identify the historical foundations, semantic structure, and linguocultural content of dwelling-related terminology in these two related languages. The research employs historical-comparative, lexical-semantic, descriptive, classificatory, and linguocultural methods. The findings demonstrate that the vocabulary associated with dwelling names in Kazakh and Altai originates from a common Turkic lexical base; however, due to historical development and cultural experience, each language has developed its own lexical-semantic features. In Kazakh, the lexeme üy functions as the core designation of the concept “dwelling,” whereas in Altai the lexemes ayıl and tura are more actively used to denote this concept. It has also been established that dwelling terminology reflects not only material culture but also functions as a cultural code representing the worldview of the ethnic group, family relations, social structure, and spatial perception. The results contribute to the comparative study of household vocabulary in Turkic languages and provide a basis for further research into the historical and semantic evolution of dwelling terminology using broader Turkic linguistic material.

FORMATION OF JEWELRY NAMES IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

G. Kozhakhmetova — 2026-09-29

The article is devoted to the analysis of jewelry names in Kazakh, a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak-Nogai subgroup of the Kipchak (Northwestern Turkic) group (Тенишев, 1984). Jewelry is not only material value, but also traditions, beliefs, art, aesthetics, education, etc., reflecting the phenomena of social life. The Turkic peoples have common jewelry names, their meanings, and features in use, depending on the age of a person. There is a similarity in the formation of jewelry names in the Kazakh language with other Turkic languages. In studying the formation of Kazakh jewelry names, more than 200 jewelry names have been taken from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other sources, and their features have been identified. The study considers the formation of jewelry names in a synthetic, analytical and semantic way. However, very often the jewelry names in the Kazakh language are formed analytically. Most jewelry names were associated with the names of metals and precious stones, manufacturing techniques and resemblance to other objects.

METAPHORICAL MODELS AND CONCEPTS EXPRESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATURE AND HUMANS

N.A. Musayeva — 2026-09-29

The article presents a linguistic analysis of metaphorical models and concepts used to express the relationship between nature and humans in different languages with different structural systems. The study aims to give a cognitive analysis of metaphors and notions related to ecological concepts and to find out their importance in the perception of ecological concept in human mind. It is inspired by the theory of conceptual metaphors in cognitive linguistics, which deals with the way the surrounding world is structured in human cognition in terms of concepts and metaphors. The research methods used are descriptive, comparative, and cognitive analysis. The analysis of the phraseological units, paremias, and metaphorical speech in modern Azerbaijani, Russian, and English reveals that ecological concepts have a certain weight in the linguistic picture of the world. The novelty of the study from the scientific point of view is to present a comparative scientific analysis of the models of nature-human relationship in the depictive metaphors in lexical-semantic systems of various languages. The results found reveal that ecological metaphors are not only linguistic tools suited for the artistic performance of language, but also fundamental cognitive mechanisms which have influenced the ancient strata of human thinking and the system of ecological thinking.

SOURCES OF PHATIC COMMUNICATION IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

G.N. Smagulova — 2026-09-29

The article examines vocatives as an essential component of phatic communication in the Kazakh language. It aims to identify and systematize their pragmatic functions in attracting the addressee’s attention, initiating and maintaining verbal contact, and engaging participants in communication. Particular attention is paid to the structural, semantic, and pragmatic features of vocatives and their functioning in literary texts and colloquial speech. The study also considers their formation from different parts of speech and their variation according to semantic, emotional, and expressive nuances. Comparative-analytical, descriptive, and pragmalinguistic methods are employed to classify the structural and semantic types of vocatives, describe their discourse-specific uses, and determine their mechanisms of influence on the addressee. The findings demonstrate that vocatives perform not only an attention-directing function but also important contact-establishing, interpersonal, expressive, and culture-specific functions. The scientific significance of the study lies in its contribution to Kazakh pragmalinguistics and phatic metacommunication research. Its practical value is associated with the application of the findings in Kazakh language teaching, linguistic analysis, and communication studies.

CONCEPTUAL MEANING AND LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGISMS IN YUNUS EMRE’S GHAZALS

S.B. Utebekov — 2026-09-29

This article examines phraseological units related to the stages of human life in the ghazals of Yunus Emre, a prominent 13th–14th century Turkish poet, from cognitive, linguocultural, and lexical-semantic perspectives. Particular attention is paid to the Sufi concept of “insan-i kamil” (the perfect human being), emphasizing spiritual maturity from infancy to old age. The study highlights how the poet creates artistic imagery through various phraseological units. Its aim is to analyze these fixed expressions conceptually, reflect Turkic spiritual and cultural cognition, and demonstrate historical continuity between Kazakh and Turkish phraseology. The research employs historical-comparative, componential, phrase-semantic, descriptive, and ethnolinguistic methods. Mustafa Tatçı’s 2008 edition of “Yunus Emre Divanı” and several Turkish phraseological dictionaries served as primary sources. Symbolic and metaphorical expressions related to birth, infancy, youth, maturity, old age, and death are analyzed lexically and semantically, with special attention to their Kazakh equivalents and variants. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic conceptual analysis of phraseological units connected with human life stages. The study applies to linguistics, literature, cultural studies, and translation studies.