Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PHILOLOGY Series

An Analysis of Indirect Literary Translation: a Case study of S. Zhunusov’s Novel «Zamanai men Amanai»

2026-03-28T12:35:35+00:00

The study analyzes the use of stylometry in assessing the translation quality of literary texts in the context of indirect literary translation. The study examines the novel Zamanai men Amanai by the prominent Kazakh writer S. Zhunusov and its Russian and English translations as a case. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining computational stylometry in Python with qualitative linguistic analysis to compare the original text with its direct Russian and indirect English translations. Focusing on the concept of idiostyle rigidity, implying the stability of an author’s individual stylistic features, the authors investigate rhythmic patterns, syntactic structures, and the frequency of key lexical items across three strategically selected text extracts. Findings indicate that while the direct Russian translation more consistently preserves the author’s complex syntactic rhythms and culturally specific concepts, the indirect English translation exhibits greater syntactic simplification and occasionally omits culturally marked terms, thereby shifting narrative emphasis. The study concludes that stylometry provides a statistically grounded framework for identifying translatorial fingerprints and evaluating the degree to which an author's rigid idiostyle is maintained or reduced across translation chains, offering a valuable tool for the objective assessment of translation quality in mediated literary transfer.

Principles of nomination and renomination of onomastic names in the Kazakh language

2025-06-13T06:12:28+00:00

The article explores the fundamental principles of naming and renaming onomastic units in the Kazakh language, analyzes the factors influencing the naming process, and identifies current trends in the transformation of the country’s onomastic system. The research methods include comparative-historical analysis, a linguocultural approach, and a review of normative legal documents regulating language policy. Special attention is given to examples of toponymic and anthroponymic renaming and their impact on public perception and linguistic norms. The study’s results demonstrate that the onomastic system of Kazakhstan is undergoing active transformation aimed at restoring national identity and standardizing naming rules. The key role of language policy in regulating the processes of nomination and renaming has been identified. The article offers recommendations for improving the onomastic system of Kazakhstan, taking into account international experience and contemporary trends in onomastics. The findings may be useful for further research in the field of onomastics, as well as for the development of regulatory documents governing naming practices in Kazakhstan. This study contributes to the exploration of the linguocultural characteristics of onomastics and its influence on the linguistic worldview.

Unifying Kazakh proper names in English-language texts: the role of translation technologies and translator training

2026-03-02T18:25:08+00:00

The rapid expansion of translation technologies has transformed both professional translation practice and translator education. In languages with developing digital infrastructures, such as Kazakh, the integration of machine translation and computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools has intensified the problem of variability in rendering proper names in English-language texts. Multiple parallel transliteration systems, Russian-mediated forms, and algorithm-driven adaptations frequently result in inconsistent onymic representation, affecting academic publications, official documentation, and international communication. This article examines the relationship between translation technologies and the standardization of Kazakh proper names, emphasizing the role of translator training in ensuring terminological consistency. The study is based on a survey conducted among students of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and the University of Ljubljana, exploring their attitudes toward digital tools, technological competence, and curricular integration of translation technologies. The findings demonstrate a high level of interest in technological training, alongside the need for structured instruction in managing standardized proper-name databases and critically evaluating machine-generated outputs. The article argues that technological proficiency must be complemented by regulatory and normative awareness to support the unification of Kazakh proper names in English-language communication.

Audiovisual translation of professional and volunteer TED-style lectures: trends, localization and translation quality in the digital space

2026-03-02T19:36:50+00:00

The article examines the current trends in the development of audiovisual translation (AVT) in the context of educational video content and the digitalization of education. In the context of global multilingual communication, AVT has become strategically important, ensuring the accessibility of educational materials for different audiences. Despite the development of media translation in Europe and Asia, this area remains fragmentedly studied in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trends in the development of educational AVT and determine the criteria for its quality in the context of multimodal communication. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources, the article identifies approaches to the use of video materials in teaching and the features of the localization of global educational resources (TED Talks) into minority languages. The theoretical contribution consists of clarifying the conceptual framework and developing a system of translation evaluation criteria: equivalence, synchronism, semantic clarity, and cultural adaptation.

A comparative analysis of mourning etiquette in A.Tennyson's ‘In memoriam A.H.H.’ and M.Auezov's ‘Abai Zholy’: a linguocultural aspect

2026-03-25T11:40:11+00:00

This unique comparative study examines mourning etiquette in Tennyson's "In Memoriam A.H.H." and Auezov's epic novel "Abai Zholy", providing unprecedented insight into how different cultures cope with loss and grief. The research derives particular value from its analysis of works created during pivotal moments for both cultures: the Victorian era in England and the period of transformation in traditional Kazakh society. The study reveals fundamental differences in approaches to mourning: individual philosophical contemplation in the English tradition versus collective ritual practices in Kazakh culture. Such comparison is especially relevant in today's globalised world, where understanding cultural differences in expressing grief has become crucial for intercultural communication. The practical significance of this work lies in its potential applications: developing guidelines for cross-cultural communication in situations of mourning, creating protocols for psychological support of those experiencing loss, and enriching educational programmes in intercultural communication. The identified linguistic and cultural patterns enhance our understanding of how different societies create support mechanisms for the bereaved, which is particularly important in the context of growing global interdependence and the need for cross-cultural understanding.

Linguistic and psychophysiological dimensions of parent-child relationships

2026-03-02T18:57:48+00:00

A child's primary socialization environment and point of contact with the outside world is their family. A child learns how to fit in with society and has their first social interaction within the family. The child receives fundamental moral and behavioral models from the family, whether intentionally or inadvertently. The article examines pressing issues related to the increasing number of negative incidents involving children and adolescents on the Internet, which have become a matter of public concern. It explores key questions such as the changes in children’s behavior, the growth of criminal incidents among minors, the shortcomings of parental involvement in upbringing, and the role of parent–child linguistic communication. A brief overview of different stages in the development of Kazakh society is provided to assess the strengths and weaknesses of child-rearing traditions. The analysis emphasizes the importance of competent linguistic interaction in the family, drawing on examples from Kazakh literary works, and highlights the necessity of integrating psychophysiological factors in the upbringing process, supported by research from German scholars. The article argues for the need of interdisciplinary, theory-based, and value-oriented approaches to family education that meet the demands of contemporary society.

Lexical semantic features of cooking verbs in Kazakh and Russian

2026-03-18T10:24:07+00:00

This study examines the lexical-semantic features of cooking-related verbs in Kazakh and Russian, focusing on their similarities, differences, and cultural specificity. Culinary recipes are treated as a type of discourse in which verbs function as key structural elements that organize and convey the processes of food preparation. The research is grounded in the theory of lexical fields and applies componential, definitional, ethnolinguistic, and contrastive analysis methods to a corpus of verbs selected through continuous sampling. The findings demonstrate that while both languages share common semantic groupings of cooking verbs (e.g., preparation, cutting, frying, boiling), significant differences arise in the degree of semantic specificity and cultural marking. Kazakh verbs often encode ethnocultural practices and traditional cooking techniques that lack direct equivalents in Russian, reflecting the nomadic heritage and culinary traditions of the Kazakh people. In contrast, Russian employs more generalized verbs alongside a well-established system of international culinary terminology, largely influenced by European languages. The study highlights the role of cooking verbs as carriers of cultural and cognitive information and underscores the importance of accounting for semantic nuances in translation. The results contribute to contrastive linguistics, lexicography, and translation studies, particularly in the context of Kazakh language research.

The Password Function of Military-Political Lexis in Agonal Discourse

2026-03-02T19:21:03+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of the password function of military-political lexis in the official media of Kazakhstan, Russia, and the United States. The paper analyzes the degree to which the hidden pragmatic functions of political language have been studied, with particular attention paid to the mechanisms of influencing mass consciousness through specialized vocabulary and stable discursive constructions. Key theoretical approaches to understanding the mechanisms of political discourse (T. van Dijk, P. Chilton, G. Lakoff, E. Sheigal, O. Chernyavskaya, A. Baranov, etc.) are discussed, which makes it possible to reveal the multi-level nature of political communication. The article also identifies the main categories, features, and levels of manifestation of the password function, including lexical, semantic, and pragmatic aspects. Based on cognitive, pragmatic, and discursive analysis, the features of the implementation of password functions in media texts are revealed. A systematization of the types of password models functioning in contemporary military-political discourse is proposed, contributing to a deeper understanding of the strategies for shaping ideological attitudes and interpreting political reality. Examples from contemporary media in Kazakhstan, Russia, and the United States are presented, reflecting the specificity of national political codes. The study results in a description of the methodology for analyzing the password function, media discourse, cognitive frames, and divergent meanings.

Multilingualism and the development of the Kazakh language in contemporary Kazakhstan

2026-01-14T06:47:32+00:00

Multilingualism is a defining feature of the sociolinguistic landscape of contemporary Kazakhstan and a key factor influencing the development of the Kazakh language. This study aims to examine how a multilingual environment affects the adaptation, enrichment, and functional development of the Kazakh language in modern sociocultural conditions. The research focuses on identifying trends in language use, lexical borrowing, and linguistic practices resulting from the interaction of Kazakh with Russian, English, and other languages. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative analysis of language policy documents and educational materials, as well as a sociolinguistic survey and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. Quantitative data were processed using statistical analysis tools to identify dominant patterns of multilingual language use. The findings show that multilingual practices foster the dynamic development of the Kazakh language by enhancing lexical expansion, adaptive language use, and communicative flexibility, particularly in educational settings. The results also confirm the central role of the Kazakh language in preserving cultural identity. The study contributes an integrated linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis and offers practical recommendations for language policy and educational programs supporting the sustainable development of the Kazakh language in a multilingual society.

Human–Artificial Intelligence Dialogue: Politeness Forms and Pragmatics

2026-03-02T16:32:00+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic, philosophical, and psychological aspects of dialogue between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as a review of scientific research conducted in this field. The study examines the role of politeness and pragmatic factors in human–AI interaction and their influence on communicative effectiveness. To analyze AI communication strategies, a survey and experimental studies were conducted. The article explores key communicative elements in human–AI dialogue, including politeness, quality of information delivery, apology, expressions of gratitude, and farewell, and highlights their comparative features in relation to human-to-human communication. During the research process, the artificial intelligence system ChatGPT was used for data analysis, text processing, and the systematization of scientific conclusions. The findings reveal the social and pragmatic dimensions of effective interaction with AI and demonstrate the scientific value of this experience for a deeper understanding of interpersonal communication. As human–AI interaction continues to intensify and increasingly becomes one of the primary forms of linguistic communication, the study of this topic is highly relevant in the contemporary context and provides an important scholarly foundation for the further improvement of practical applications of language models and the development of communication strategies.

Peculiarities of Language Development in Monolingual Children in Kazakhstan

2026-03-14T09:46:55+00:00

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the cognitive characteristics of monolingual children in Kazakhstan. The cognition, creativity, and intellectual potential of monolingual children are compared with those of bilingual and multilingual children. Children raised in a single linguistic environment are able to internalize national worldview elements and deeply acquire the national and cultural code. Kazakh-monolingual children play a significant role in preserving the natural essence of the Kazakh language and protecting it from erosion and extinction. Therefore, the issue of monolingual children has become especially relevant today. The cognitive and intellectual potential of monolingual children is examined comprehensively within an anthropocentric framework, drawing on the works of domestic and international scholars. The need to support monolingual children and avoid limiting their abilities remains an important topic for further discussion and research. It should also be noted that the scope of existing empirical studies conducted by researchers cannot be considered extensive, as each monolingual child’s linguistic worldview cannot be fully determined through a single experience. During research with high-school students, it was revealed that they have a deep understanding of the Kazakh worldview. This shows they can promote the Kazakh language globally and revitalize the national code.

Нistorical and comparative view of the study of the vocabulary of the modern kazakh language

2026-03-30T03:36:35+00:00

The article highlights the increasing scholarly attention to linguistic data from ancient and medieval written monuments in relation to the historical development of languages. These sources are systematically compared with materials from modern languages used in everyday communication. Language is thus regarded not only as a means of communication, but also as an important resource for studying the history and worldview of its speakers. Research activity in this field intensified particularly after independence. One of the key challenges in historical linguistics is the relationship between comparative and anthropocentric paradigms. Since the history of a language is closely connected with the history of its people, the study of glottogenesis must also take into account issues of ethnogenesis. The worldview and cultural identity of any ethnic group are inevitably reflected in its language. In this context, written monuments play a crucial role in reconstructing obsolete or semantically obscure expressions. Overall, linguistic data provide a valuable basis for tracing continuity, ethnocultural unity, and historical connections among modern related languages.

The concept of Mental Lexicon and Modelling Practices in Interdisciplinary Research

2026-03-19T05:24:52+00:00

This paper examines the mental lexicon as an interdisciplinary construct at the intersection of psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and neuroscience, and systematizes key approaches to its modelling. It argues that the mental lexicon should be understood not as a static “word store,” but as a dynamic system underlying speech comprehension and production. The study integrates evidence on the component structure of lexical representations, including form–meaning relations and lemma–lexeme distinctions, as well as developmental changes and bilingual processing, within a unified framework. An integrative review methodology is employed, combining content analysis and comparative evaluation of international and regional research, alongside findings from established experimental paradigms such as word association, priming, tip-of-the-tongue phenomena, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging. The results suggest that the mental lexicon consists of interconnected semantic, phonological, and orthographic layers, where lexical access depends on representational quality, connection strength, and network integration. Developmental changes involve both vocabulary expansion and structural reorganization of lexical networks, including the formation of core–periphery patterns. In bilinguals, parallel language activation and control mechanisms increase lexical competition and may reduce accessibility of certain units. The study highlights network-based models as a promising integrative approach and emphasizes the need for expanded empirical resources..

Phraseologisms related to the names of hats in the Kazakh and Turkish languages: Ethnolinguistic nature

2026-03-02T19:48:39+00:00

The article analyzes the content features, semantic structure and cultural background of phraseology related to the names of hats in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, their similarities and differences are considered from an ethnolinguistic point of view. The research work aims to contribute to the disclosure of common linguistic archetypes and cultural continuity of the Turkic peoples, as well as to clarify the reflection of phraseology in relation to national identity. As an object of study, stable expressions derived from traditional headdress names such as Berik, turban, fes, takke, külah, which are widely used in the languages of both peoples, were taken. Especially in the composition of phraseology, the direction of action (for example, a Burk was thrown into the air, a Burk was hit on the ground) and its connection with emotions are characterized by close interweaving with cultural content. At the same time, it is proved that stable expressions in Turkish, such as Fesini air Atatürk, Takke çalı, kel göldü, Küllah takmak, also have a symbolic meaning, expressing the national attitude and norms of social attitudes. As a result of the study, in addition to similarities in the structure and content of Kazakh and Turkish phraseology, differences are also revealed that reflect the historical and cultural identity of each nation. This, in turn, will allow us to identify the ethnolinguistic commonality of Turkic languages and reveal the cognitive potential of phraseology. The methods of comparative, semantic and ethnolinguistic analysis used in the article allow us to systematically differentiate the phraseological fund of the two peoples. Through this, important scientific conclusions are made aimed at recognizing the national identity, cultural code, historical memory and system of cognition through language.

The ‘fire’ metacode in myth and poetry

2026-03-18T14:03:11+00:00

The article explores interpretations of the metacode in mythology and poetry, with particular attention to the ‘fire’ metacode. Integrating classical and contemporary research shaped by new scholarly paradigms, the study examines the concept of cultural code and its earliest cognitive foundations, focusing on the artistic and aesthetic functions of ‘fire’ as internalized through mythic thinking. Special emphasis is placed on Turkic myths and their reinterpretation in modern Kazakh classical literature, alongside comparative analysis with examples from world literature. Treating ‘fire’ as a metacode, the article analyzes poetic texts to reveal its role and functions in world mythology and classical literary traditions. The study also investigates how metacode-based concepts operate as figurative and expressive devices in literary works. Drawing on poetic examples from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, it compares literary representations of ‘fire’ with mythological cognition and evaluates their poetic significance. Supported by relevant theoretical perspectives, the research identifies the cognitive, aesthetic, and imagistic functions of the ‘fire’ metacode, leading to well-founded scholarly conclusions.

The Idea of Independence in the Works of Early Twentieth Century Akyns and Zhyrshy-Zhyrau

2026-03-14T09:21:19+00:00

The article comprehensively examines the idea of independence as reflected in the poetry of Kazakh singer-poets and zhyrau of the early and mid-twentieth century. The main aim of the study is to reveal the semantic scope of the idea of independence represented in the works of Kazakh singer-poets and zhyrau of the twentieth century and to identify new possibilities for its artistic and linguistic representation. Achieving this aim requires a systematic analysis of the historical, aesthetic, and linguostylistic aspects of representing the idea of national freedom and independence in their poetry. The research employs historical-chronological, descriptive, comparative, content analysis, and linguostylistic methods. The historical origins of the idea of freedom in traditional zhyrau and singer-poet poetry are analyzed in relation to the socio-political conditions of the early twentieth century. The influence of colonial pressure and social transformations on the poets’ worldview is identified, and the artistic representation of the spirit of freedom in their works is examined. The works of Zhambyl Zhabayev, Nurpeis Baiganin, Kenen Azirbayev, Isa Baizakov, Nartai Bekezhanov, and other prominent figures are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the role of metaphors, epithets, symbols, and historical imagery in conveying the idea of independence. The study demonstrates that the poetry of this period is an important spiritual reflection of the nation’s aspiration for freedom and plays a significant role in shaping national consciousness and historical memory.

The Concept of Memory in George Orwell’s novel “1984”

2026-01-30T12:06:16+00:00

The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of memory through its realization through the categories of thinking, history, past, time, identity, and power. Based on the novel “1984” by Orwell, the author shows ways to influence human thinking through the manipulation of the memory of members of society, namely, changing and constructing historical facts, erasing individual and collective memory. The article substantiates the theses on the interrelation of memory, thinking, history, and identity. Orwell’s artistic practice, which revealed methods of constructing history and manipulating memory, was significantly ahead of theoretical research in this field, for example, P. Ricoeur, P. Norа, as well as the philosophers M. Foucault, J. Agamben. A brief review of the literature allows us to determine the degree of research on the problems of the novel related to the concept of memory in modern English-language literary criticism. Despite a considerable number of research papers, modern critical approaches and theories allow us to see new facets of the novel “1984”. The analysis of the concept of memory in the novel is based on the modern theory of collective and individual memory, the concept of identity, and cognitive theory.

Unique characteristics of the detective genre in K. Tokayev's prose

2026-03-14T09:31:48+00:00

The article examines the history of the formation of the detective genre, its main characteristics, and its development in Kazakh literature. The purpose of the study is to identify the key features of the detective genre and analyze its representation in Kazakh literature based on the works of Kemel Tokayev. The research employs comparative and analytical methods and reviews scientific concepts related to the emergence of the detective genre in world literature. It is noted that the origins of the detective genre are closely associated with the works of Edgar Allan Poe, and its main structural elements include a crime, an investigation, and the exposure of the criminal. Particular attention is given to plot construction, the image of the investigator, the psychology of crime, and the logic of analytical reasoning in Tokayev’s works. The study emphasizes that the writer’s plots are often based on real events and facts, which contributed significantly to the development of Kazakh detective prose. The research concludes by evaluating Tokayev’s role in shaping the genre and highlighting the importance of his literary legacy, as well as identifying common features of detective fiction in both world and Kazakh literature.

The artistic model of the world in Kazakh prose

2026-03-27T09:21:12+00:00

This article explores the artistic model of the world in Kazakh prose through the prism of national spirituality as a system-forming principle of artistic thought. The authors proceed from the premise that spirituality, as the core of national identity, determines the ideological coordinates of the individual and finds its fullest expression in literary text. Using works by Abai Kunanbayev, Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, Zhusupbek Aimauytov, Oralkhan Bokeyev, and Mukhtar Magauin, the authors analyze the characteristics of this modeling of the world, reflecting the evolution of the spiritual, moral, and aesthetic concepts of the Kazakh people from the late 19th century to the present day. Methodologically, the study is based on the works of M.Bakhtin and G.Gachev, who expanded on the "model of the world" concept as a means of artistic comprehension of existence, as well as on hermeneutic, historical-functional, and comparative-historical approaches. It is shown that the artistic model of the world in Kazakh literature is formed within the context of the dialectic of tradition and innovation, where an individual author's worldview converges with the collective national consciousness. The analysis suggests that the national artistic model of the world is founded on categories of spirituality, morality, and mythological worldview, ensuring the continuity of values and the preservation of ethnic identity. Myth, as a universal cultural code, serves as the most important structural element of literary world-modeling, allowing for the connection of history's temporal layers with modernity. Thus, Kazakh prose of the 20th and 21st centuries represents a unique artistic paradigm in which the synthesis of philosophical, ethical, religious, and mythological principles forms a holistic image of the national cosmos that reflects the universal humanistic orientations of Kazakh culture.

Poetic and didactic explication of animal image in the fables of Shakarim

2026-03-18T11:28:59+00:00

This article examines the didactic explication of animal images in the fables of Sh. Kudaiberdiuly. It analyzes how deeply ingrained popular notions of animals are conveyed through allegorical descriptions of human characters. The purpose of the study is to discuss the lyrical and didactic elements and core ideas in Shakarim's fables within the framework of lyrical and didactic explication. The research focuses on the harmony between the functional significance of fable genre and the author's poetic imagery. The main theme characteristic of Shakarim's works is the struggle of man with his inner self and the proposition of principles of conscience (Ar) for achieving victory in this journey. The poetic and didactic significance of the fable genre, as well as the life lessons it imparts to the reader, are examined. The scientific significance of this article lies in the fact that animal images in Shakarim's works are presented not simply as fairy-tale characters, but as artistic symbols of specific models. This article utilized a hermeneutic analysis method. The study systematized the animalistic images in Sh. Kudaiberdiuly's fables and identified their artistic and educational functions. This research sets out a direction for Shakarim scholars in the post-Soviet period.

The Poetry of Hamza Abdullin During World War II

2026-03-02T19:47:20+00:00

The article examines the creative personality of Hamza Abdullin. It reveals the thematic and ideological core of civil, intimate, and landscape lyrics, written in the harshest conditions of military captivity and behind the walls of the GULAG. The artistic and aesthetic originality of the poems “Dostarym” (“Friends”), “Tutkyn Zhyry” (“Prisoner’s Song”), “Zarly ana turaly zhyr” (“Song of the Grieving Mother”), “Bostandyk” (“Freedom”), “Zhalgyzdyk” (“Loneliness”), “Men Zhylaimyn” (“I’m Crying”), “Altai” (“Altai”), “Esil” (“Yesil”), “Mazhannyn zhieni Bibizaypka” (“To the nephew of Magzhan Bibizayp”), and of the ballad “Zhauyryn,” is analyzed. The article interprets poetry distinguished by its realistic and artistic power of depicting the merciless Stalinist system that cruelly suppressed national and individual freedom, national values, and human equality, and universal humanism. It analyzes the thematic and ideological core and relevance of the poems in the context of exposing the tyranny inherent in the Soviet regime and fascism that brought suffering and pain to all of humanity. It is concluded that the poet, whose spirit was high, was able to withstand all the difficulties of the pressure of the totalitarian system and make a great contribution to Kazakh literature with his creative searches and artistic translations.